EMINQ and EMCBK are the names of two file formats from American Express that merchants can use to receive information regarding inquiries, disputes, adjustments and chargebacks.

Bencode is a compact serialization format comparable to JSON. It is used heavily in the Bittorrent ecosystem. For most use cases, it will result in a smaller encoding than JSON.

Understanding Hill Climbing Algorithm in Artificial Intelligence

A hill-climbing algorithm is an Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithm that increases in value continuously until it achieves a peak solution. This algorithm is used to optimize mathematical problems and in other real-life applications like marketing and job scheduling.

The Ackley function is widely used for testing optimization algorithms. In its two-dimensional form, as shown in the plot above, it is characterized by a nearly flat outer region, and a large hole at the centre. The function poses a risk for optimization algorithms, particularly hillclimbing algorithms, to be trapped in one of its many local minima.

Recommended variable values are: a = 20, b = 0.2 and c = 2π.

So,

AHICDM is a simple digital mode that transmits bits by varying the amount of silence between pulses. It is a narrowband mode that transmits slowly.

I only came across this modulation while looking at the Recently changed pages list of sigidwiki. It looked easy to implement, and didn’t have much written about it, so I decided to play around with the provided audio example.

I have never seen this modulation used in the wild, and the only mention I have seen of it is in the Signal Identification Wiki. This page is written by analyzing the audio recording provided on the wiki page.

A timestamp is a sequence of characters or encoded information identifying when a certain event occurred, usually giving date and time of day, sometimes accurate to a small fraction of a second.