The Average Distance Classifier is a simplified version of the Nearest Neighbour classifier. It is really easy to implement compared to other classification algorithms. Because it discards a lot of the data given to it, its accuracy can be worse than other classifiers. The algorithm can be thought of as a nearest-neighbor where each label is a single neighbor.

Comparison with Nearest-Neighbor

The project URL entered into BOINC is just a human-readable (X)HTML page. The RPC communication happens on a separate endpoint. This endpoint is located by fetching the project URL and looking for a specific tag.

There are two different ways to find the tag. It is recommended to implement both of them to maximize compatibility.

What are Cryptology, Crpytography, Cryptoanalysis

The short answer:

Cryptology is a science which is interested by secure communication on an insecure communication channel.

Today, all communications passes over unsecured channels like letters, wired and wireless channels which sending data over. So, anyone able to interrupt or listen the message who is in same channel.

There is no randomness on fundamental sciences like statics, physics, math etc. That sciences always searching for a reason. But we're need values which them looking like random in cryptography, tests, analysis, simulation etc. So, A pseudorandom sequence of numbers is one that appears to be statistically random, despite having been produced by a completely deterministic and repeatable process. In computer science we can describe it as a algorithm which is generating a Pseudo random values.

Automatic Picture Transmission, or APT, is an analog image transmission mode that is mostly used by some NOAA weather satellites.

Literal Programming is a programming paradigm in which the emphasis on code and comments are reversed. While comments are secondary in most programming languages, and need to be marked as such; in literal programming every line is a comment unless it is marked as code.