The Average Distance Classifier is a simplified version of the Nearest Neighbour classifier. It is really easy to implement compared to other classification algorithms. Because it discards a lot of the data given to it, its accuracy can be worse than other classifiers. The algorithm can be thought of as a nearest-neighbor where each label is a single neighbor.

Comparison with Nearest-Neighbor

There is no randomness on fundamental sciences like statics, physics, math etc. That sciences always searching for a reason. But we're need values which them looking like random in cryptography, tests, analysis, simulation etc. So, A pseudorandom sequence of numbers is one that appears to be statistically random, despite having been produced by a completely deterministic and repeatable process. In computer science we can describe it as a algorithm which is generating a Pseudo random values.

The Ackley function is widely used for testing optimization algorithms. In its two-dimensional form, as shown in the plot above, it is characterized by a nearly flat outer region, and a large hole at the centre. The function poses a risk for optimization algorithms, particularly hillclimbing algorithms, to be trapped in one of its many local minima.

Recommended variable values are: a = 20, b = 0.2 and c = 2π.

So,

AHICDM is a simple digital mode that transmits bits by varying the amount of silence between pulses. It is a narrowband mode that transmits slowly.

I only came across this modulation while looking at the Recently changed pages list of sigidwiki. It looked easy to implement, and didn’t have much written about it, so I decided to play around with the provided audio example.

I have never seen this modulation used in the wild, and the only mention I have seen of it is in the Signal Identification Wiki. This page is written by analyzing the audio recording provided on the wiki page.

A timestamp is a sequence of characters or encoded information identifying when a certain event occurred, usually giving date and time of day, sometimes accurate to a small fraction of a second.