WHOIS is a simple, plaintext-based protocol that is used to retrieve information about a given domain. WHOIS servers listen on the TCP port 43. The protocol is defined by RFC 3912, but that RFC doesn’t give useful information regarding how WHOIS works for getting information about domains.

The response from WHOIS servers is made to be human-readable rather than machine-readable but the fields you need to extract information from usually follow a Header name: Header data format. It is a good idea to turn all header names to lowercase when you are searching for a specific one.

Docker is a software system for creating and running containers.

Style 12 is a type of machine parseable output that many of the FICS interfaces use. The output is documented here for those who wish to write new interfaces. Style 12 is also fully compatible with ICC (The Internet Chess Club).

The data is all on one line (displayed here as two lines, so it will show on your screen). Here is an example: [Note: the beginning and ending quotation marks are not part of the data string; they are needed in this help file because some interfaces cannot display the string when in a text file.]

Game of Life is a two-dimensional cellular automaton invented by John Corway.

The Dunning–Kruger effect is a cognitive bias whereby people with low ability at a task overestimate their ability. Some researchers also include in their definition the opposite effect for high performers: their tendency to underestimate their skills. The Dunning–Kruger effect is usually measured by comparing self-assessment with objective performance. For example, the participants in a study may be asked to complete a quiz and then estimate how well they did. This subjective assessment is then compared with how well they actually did. This can happen either in relative or in absolute terms, i.e., in comparison with one's peer group as the percentage of peers outperformed or in comparison with objective standards as the number of questions answered correctly. The Dunning–Kruger effect appears in both cases but is more pronounced in relative terms: the bottom quartile of performers tend to see themselves as being part of the top two quartiles. The initial study was published by David Dunning and Justin Kruger in 1999. It focuses on logical reasoning, grammar, and social skills. Since then, various other studies have been conducted across a wide range of tasks. These include skills from fields such as business, politics, medicine, driving, aviation, spatial memory, exams in school, and literacy.

The Uncrackable Cipher

One-time pad (Vernam Cipher)

The people always wonder, is there any way to design uncrackable cipher? Short answer is yes. But in practice, there is no way to use them.